The primary hazards of inert-gas systems are rupture of containers, pipelines, or systems, and asphyxiation. A cryogen cannot be indefinitely maintained as a liquid even in a well insulated container. Any liquid, or even cold vapor trapped between valves, has the potential for causing enough pressure buildup to cause violent rupture of the container or piping. The use of reliable pressure-relief devices is mandatory.

Loss of vacuum in vacuum-jacketed tanks will increase evaporation in the system, causing the relief devices to function and vent the product. The vented gases should be routed to a safe outdoor location. If the gases are not vented outdoors, adequate ventilation must be maintained; instruments should be used to monitor the area.