The properties of cryogenic liquids affect their safe handling and use. The table presents data to help determine handling procedures. None of the gases listed is corrosive at ambient temperatures, and only carbon monoxide is toxic.

The liquids are listed by decreasing boiling point. Although xenon boils above -238°F (-150°C), it also has been included. Natural gas is not listed because it is a mixture of methane and other hydrocarbons; its boiling point depends on its composition. However, natural gas is primarily methane and methane data is included.

• Always handle cryogenic liquids carefully. They can cause frostbite on skin and exposed eye tissue. When spilled, they tend to spread, covering a surface completely and cooling a large area. The vapors emitted by these liquids are also extremely cold and can damage delicate tissues.

• Stand clear of boiling or splashing liquid and its vapors. Boiling and splashing always occur when a warm container is charged or when warm objects are inserted into a liquid. These operations should always be performed slowly to minimize boiling and splashing. If cold liquid or vapor comes in contact with the skin, first aid should be given immediately. (See "Treating Cold-Contact Burns.")


Never allow any unprotected part of the body to touch uninsulated pipes or vessels that contain cryogenic fluids. The extremely cold metal cause the flesh to stick fast to the surface and tear when withdrawn. Touching even nonmetallic materials at low temperatures is dangerous.

Tongs should be used to withdraw objects immersed in a cryogenic liquid. Objects that are soft and pliable at room temperature become hard and brittle at extremely low temperatures and will break easily.

Workers handling cryogenic liquids should use eye and hand protection to protect against splashing and cold-contact burns. Safety glasses are also recommended. If severe spraying or splashing is likely, a face shield or chemical goggles should be worn. Protective gloves should always be worn when anything that comes in contact with cold liquids and their vapors is being handled. Gloves should be loose fitting so that they can be removed quickly if liquids are spilled into them. Trousers should remain outside of boots or work shoes.